Exchange to ne Hardware :: essays research papers

On the off chance that you essentially need to do a set up redesign of Exchange 2000 to Exchange 2003 utilizing a similar server, you’ve got it made †Microsoft has clarified the way toward updating and made it truly straightforward. Regardless of whether you’re as yet utilizing Exchange v5.5, Microsoft has you secured with an abundance of documentation to examine. However, imagine a scenario in which you’re an Exchange 2000 association that needs to get another Exchange 2003 framework close by your current machine, move all your substance over to it, and decommission the first box. At that point you’re left scratching your head. At the hour of this composition, there is no guide I’ve had the option to find that clarifies the procedure with any detail. This archive will clarify the procedure, consolidating data from various sources just as my own understanding. It’s simple to bring Exchange Server 2003 into your Exchange 2000 association, with insignificant disturbance to your current server or your clients. This record expect you have an Exchange 2000 association running in local mode. From now on, the Exchange 2000 framework will be alluded to as the â€Å"old† server, and the Exchange 2003 framework will be alluded to as the â€Å"new† server. I. Set up your Network for Windows Server 2003 Notwithstanding how you expect to get the opportunity to Exchange 2003, there are some fundamental advances that must be finished. 1.     Begin by looking into Microsoft’s 314649 †â€Å"Windows Server 2003 adprep/forestprep Command Causes Mangled Attributes in Windows 2000 Forests That Contain Exchange 2000 Servers† This article clarifies that in the event that you have Exchange 2000 introduced in your association, and you continue with introducing your first Windows Server 2003 framework (and its going with construction alterations), you may wind up with some ravaged qualities in AD. Keeping this from happening is sufficiently basic: a content called Inetorgpersonfix.ldf will work. 2.     Run adprep/forestprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server that holds the Schema ace FSMO job. (Obviously you’ll should be an individual from Schema Admins). Make certain to recreate the progressions all through the timberland before continuing. 3.     Run adprep/domainprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server. I ran it on the framework holding the PDC Emulator FSMO job. 4.     Before bringing another Windows Server 2003 framework on the web, it’s a smart thought to audit your outsider server utilities and update them to the most recent adaptations to guarantee similarity. In my establishment, this incorporated the most recent forms of BackupExec, Symantec Antivirus Corp. Trade to ne Hardware :: papers research papers In the event that you just need to do a set up redesign of Exchange 2000 to Exchange 2003 utilizing a similar server, you’ve got it made †Microsoft has clarified the way toward overhauling and made it truly basic. Regardless of whether you’re as yet utilizing Exchange v5.5, Microsoft has you secured with an abundance of documentation to examine. Be that as it may, imagine a scenario where you’re an Exchange 2000 association that needs to acquire another Exchange 2003 framework close by your current machine, move all your substance over to it, and decommission the first box. At that point you’re left scratching your head. At the hour of this composition, there is no guide I’ve had the option to find that clarifies the procedure with any detail. This record will clarify the procedure, consolidating data from various sources just as my own understanding. It’s exceptionally simple to bring Exchange Server 2003 into your Exchange 2000 association, with insignificant interruption to your current server or your clients. This record expect you have an Exchange 2000 association running in local mode. Consequently, the Exchange 2000 framework will be alluded to as the â€Å"old† server, and the Exchange 2003 framework will be alluded to as the â€Å"new† server. I. Set up your Network for Windows Server 2003 Notwithstanding how you mean to get the chance to Exchange 2003, there are some essential advances that must be finished. 1.     Begin by auditing Microsoft’s 314649 †â€Å"Windows Server 2003 adprep/forestprep Command Causes Mangled Attributes in Windows 2000 Forests That Contain Exchange 2000 Servers† This article clarifies that on the off chance that you have Exchange 2000 introduced in your association, and you continue with introducing your first Windows Server 2003 framework (and its going with composition adjustments), you may wind up with some disfigured qualities in AD. Keeping this from happening is sufficiently basic: a content called Inetorgpersonfix.ldf will work. 2.     Run adprep/forestprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server that holds the Schema ace FSMO job. (Obviously you’ll should be an individual from Schema Admins). Make certain to reproduce the progressions all through the backwoods before continuing. 3.     Run adprep/domainprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server. I ran it on the framework holding the PDC Emulator FSMO job. 4.     Before bringing another Windows Server 2003 framework on the web, it’s a smart thought to survey your outsider server utilities and redesign them to the most recent renditions to guarantee similarity. In my establishment, this incorporated the most recent renditions of BackupExec, Symantec Antivirus Corp.

Safety program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Security program - Essay Example They would be considered responsible if absence of security the board devices would bring about a lamentable occasion inside their association. The Senior Management would have the position to direct, control or change any arrangement, system or responsibility alloted to any staff as they are the primary chiefs. Be that as it may, it would be the obligation of the allocated Committee/Executive to deal with the operational exercises and SMS usage and continuation. Initial phase in actualizing a SMS is to characterize the necessities in a Safety Policy and adjust it to wellbeing guidelines at both national and worldwide levels. Security Policy ought to be obviously spoken with willing underwriting all through the association. Intermittent survey of the equivalent ought to likewise be guaranteed. The duty regarding dealing with the SMS is given to one Accountable Executive or a Committee is structured (re-appropriated help whenever required). This is a point of convergence of a SMS to b e successful. From that point it turns into the obligation of the Committee or Executive to allot wellbeing duties to all representatives for their help, inclusion and responsibility for issue, since workers are the best hotspot for recognizable proof and control of perils. As indicated by Hawthorne impact worker inclusion builds their efficiency so it is win-win circumstance for both.

Printed Books vs. E-Books Essay

We are as of now in a situation where more individuals are perusing on the web papers, books and magazines than any time in recent memory before†¦ No longer do we have to sit on the train or transport getting inky fingers while attempting to likely turn the page of the paper in the jam-packed carriage, nor are we stumbled by hauling around our books or magazines throughout the day. Rather, with a speedy flick of a switch on our tablet, tablet or cell phone, we are in a split second ready to get to a huge swath of writing, inert tattle and day by day news, all in an effectively discernible, brilliant and distinctive way. We don't have to worry about sufficient lighting, or if our paper is causing our situated neighbor an inconvenience on the morning venture, we no longer stress over neglecting to purchase our preferred magazine or get the novel from the bedside table. Notwithstanding this, the inquiry emerges: Do we need print books or papers any longer? Gotten some information about perusing content records on a handheld gadget, protectors of print broadcast their adoration for the printed word, the vibe of the paper, the experience of holding, possessing and perusing a physical book. They likewise state that a physical book is something one can enjoy, simply observing it on their rack. They additionally notice that perusing on electronic gadgets has terrible effect on eyes, that it is tiring for eyes. Other bit of leeway of printed books is their availability. The truth is that most of individuals on the planet don’t have Internet get to. In any case, individuals for digital books have distinctive supposition on this subject. First favorable position of computerized books is versatility. The awesome thing about electronic content is that it occupies for all intents and purposes no space, in both a physical and computerized sense. In the event that we have a capacity card, we can stroll around with at any rate twelve books, and most likely a lot more than that. Regardless of whether we don’t have a capacity card, you can in any case stroll around with a reasonable assortment of three to six books (once more, contingent upon book size and accessible memory). By and large it’s difficult to convey even one book around with you. The capacity capacities of most digital books permit perusers to convey a sensible assortment of understanding materials or potentially reference writings. Second point for digital books is assortment of highlights. First of all, since most digital books are in some type of advanced content record, we can look the content for words or expressions. This is useful when we need to discover a statement or another particular segment of the book. This can cut minutes, if not hours, off of totally pointless pursuits for specific entries. Furthermore, advanced organizations can be copied always without rot or any genuine cost. This duplication capacity can make it feasible for us to impart books to our companions while never having to really surrender one of our assets. Obviously, expecting duplicate security doesn’t disrupt the general flow. Next favorable position referenced by digital books devotees is that they are in certainty simple to peruse. The electronic arrangement offers perusers considerably more advantages over conventional paper books. digital books can be perused in an assortment of lighting circumstances, and due to the illuminated screens that most Palm PCs have, we can peruse a digital book in generally low or no light circumstances, for example, on the metro, during evening time travels, or in bed when we don’t need to upset your accomplice. Likewise, the intelligibility of a digital book won’t corrupt after some time. The pages won’t disintegrate as a result of high corrosive substance, the coupling can never break, and there can be no varieties in the ink. Notwithstanding being censured for their bother and for being difficult to peruse, digital books are regularly more helpful than their paper based partners. Notwithstanding future improvements in e-understanding innovation, I think the book market will have a lot of space for paper books for a long while, they won’t be supplanted, similar to vinyl records have not been replaced by CD’s. There consistently will be individuals who will purchase printed book.

Economists Asset Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1758 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Literature Review There have been different views between Economists and financial market participants upon the valuation of an asset. Economists believe that the price of an asset should reflect the fundamental value given the assumption of rational behavior and of rational expectations. On the other hand, financial market participants believe that the fundamental value is part of the asset price. Thus, Markets participate will interpret a positive price volatility as the herd behavior. However in the past they were unable to interpret the excess volatility which was followed by the collapse of the market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Economists Asset Market" essay for you Create order Volatility Some of the major crashes such as Tulip mania, the South Sea Bubble, Mississippi Bubble and the Great Crash of 1929 have induced researches to concentrate their study on asset price volatility. Asset price volatility shows by how much an asset deviates from its fundamental value i.e. the risk with is attached to an asset. During the above listed crashes, the volatility rate was very high, as a result researches found the presence of bubble in the assets. Bubble can be defined as a state of rising asset prices. Once a peak price is attained there may be substantial decrease in the price. A famous example will be the South Sea Bubble whereby the stock value of the South Sea Company rose by over 700% during the first half of 1720. And at the end of 1720, the price fell back to about fifty percent of its value at the start of the year. The existence of bubbles can be depicted by comparing the fundamental value with the market value of an asset. The fundamental value of an asset means the share price should include information about the present and future return of the asset i.e. the discounted present and future cash flows. The bubble component reflects the value which is actually bigger than the present value of expected future price. Moreover, bubbles affect the riskiness of the market and it may also contribute to the fluctuations of the macroeconomic variables as it had been the case during the occurrence of the October 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression. It is interesting to note that bubbles create excess demand in the market while supply remains constant. Therefore, in other words, there will be a shortage and this will lead to an increase in the share price. Most models of market behavior are based on rational expectations, which assume that: individuals have rational information processing Individuals have a correct model of the fundamental structure of the economy. If any of the condition listed above is violated, bubbles may arise. Bubbles may be classified into speculative bubbles and speculative bubbles cover two kinds of bubbles: rational bubbles and irrational bubbles. There will be irrational bubble if the first one is violated whereas the violation of the second condition will give rise to irrational bubbles. The theory of rational bubbles demonstrates that, even with rational expectations, asset price deviations from the fundamental value would be possible. The growth of rational bubbles reflects the presence of self-fulfilling expectations about future increases in the asset price. A common feature of the market will be that investors buy an asset only with expectation that it could be resold in the future at a higher price to another investor who is willing to purchase the asset for the same reason. In an irrational bubble, market participants may focus on noise instead of fundamentals. Some noise or unsophisticated traders in a market may overwhelm rational or sophisticated investors if the time horizons for arbitrage are finite. How Bubble was created Overinvestment and malinvestment may create bubbles in the market. Overinvestment means investing in too many capital assets to meet the required demand. On the contrary, malinvestment means investing in the wrong capital assets to produce goods and services. A most recent example will be Asian Financial Crises 1997. The Chinese Government injected a lot of assets in the red chips companies in the expectation to increase the share price. The stock price did increase but it did not last for last as a bubble was being created. EMH It is arguable that the market is not efficient if there exists bubble in the market more precisely speculative bubbles. A speculative bubble can be distinguished as a persistent rise in the price of an asset. The initial rise creates forecasts of further rises and attracting new buyers, in general speculators interested in the rise of the price of the asset rather than in its use or its potential incomes. However, studies have show that despite the presence of speculative bubbles, the market is efficient. The share price has effectively deviates from the fundamental value but it does not have necessarily violated the efficient market hypothesis. In other words, the prices comprise of all available information about the present and future return taking into account the bubble component. Further, rationality of behavior and of expectations, together with market clearing, imply that assets are voluntarily held and that no agent can, given his private information and the information revealed by the prices, increase his expected utility by reallocating his portfolio. The following assumptions must be meant in order for a market to be efficient in spite of the presence of bubbles: Interest rate is constant, no constraints on short selling, risk neutrality All agents have the same set of information after having observe the market Bubbles are likely to increase the risk associated with holding the asset Risk averse individual requires higher rate to be compensated for taking higher risk Herd Behavior Self-fulfilling expectation of investors helps to develop bubbles. These may include herd behavior, panics, manias and among others. It is often argued that choice of an investor is based on the information derived by observing the actions of other investors i.e. they behave in herd. Thus, investors ignore their own information and rely on the uninformed choice of the previous investors. As such, they will try to acquire asset which is highly traded or which other investors are purchasing. In this event there will be bubble in the market and this will lead to an abnormal increase in the price. Moreover, a future increase in price will attract investors, they will thus buy low and sell high in the future and be realizing a capital gain. However, their common action will create excess demand for the share in the market leading to an equal increase in share prices assuming that supply is constant. This is an event that will create bubbles. Growth of Bubbles Rational bubbles may grow at a rate r each period but this may not be necessary the case. The rate r represents the growth rate at which a price increases normally. Notably, if traders are risk-averse, bubbles will grow faster than the rate of r, effectively paying traders a risk premium in the expected value to hold the asset i.e. they are being compensated for holding additional amount of risk. Growing bubbles may have harmful real effects on the economy by inefficient supply at high prices or making asset prices poor signal. Bubbles also harm welfare because they redistribute wealth, but random redistribution is only harmful if traders are risk-averse since risk-averse traders will avoid a bubble which grows at a rate r. A bubble may grow at a negative rate in some periods for example when it bursts or in all periods where the discount rate is negative. However the bubble component for price may not be negative as investors have the choice to dispose of the asset and also the price of an asset can not become negative at a future date. Effects of Bubbles Initially the price of a stock is considered to be at equilibrium, with a marginal product of capital equal to interest rate. In the absence of bubble, the value of the share can be said to be the replacement cost and the firm has no incentive to increase its number of stocks. Suppose that a bubble starts on its shares, increasing the price, say by 8%. In order to reconcile the price, the firm should add value to the capital stock until the marginal product has been reduces by 8% and the market price will equal to the fundamental value. On the other hand, if the firm issues more shares, this will help the bubble to grow and burst in the future. Further, at a certain price level no one will be willing to purchase the stock and thus creating an excess of supply in the market, leading to a substantial decrease in the value of the stock. How bubbles can be rule out. The major problem with bubble in asset prices is that you never know when it is going to burst. Further the burst of the bubbles will affect the market as a whole as evidence can be taken for the past crashes. Several ways can be adopted to rule out a bubble from the market. Many countries have even enacted laws in order to protect themselves from such a framework. For example, the South Sea Bubble caused the British Parliament to pass the South Sea Act which effectively eliminated the stock market as a source of funds for over a century and in the United States, the Great Crash of 1929 led to the creation of the SEC and the introduction of numerous regulations. There are also other ways in which bubbles can be rule out of the market. Firstly, firms can impose an upper limit on the stock prices and stock should be issued in response to stock price increases. Secondly short selling may help to cancel out the bubble effect. This is in the sense that a positive bubble will attract agents to short sell the assets. At the same time, they will invest some of the proceeds to pay for the stream of dividend and as such there will be positive wealth left over and arbitrage would rule out bubbles. Evidence The study of bubbles behavior can be classified as direct or indirect test. Indirect test was used to study the difference between the actual price and the fundamental value. However the main problem remain on the interpretation part as the effect of bubble in stock prices could not be distinguished from the effects of unobservable market fundamentals. On the other hand, direct test try to directly test for the presence of bubbles. As such researchers try to identify the type of bubble that is present in the market and hence carry out the test accordingly.

Fice Accommodation Essay - 1688 Words

Task 1A There are three main factors that will influence human comfort in the office accommodation: 1. Thermal 2. Visual 3. Acoustic 1. Thermal Thermal comfort is everything to do with heat, if we are too hot or too cold in the office or shop we will not be comfortable. First of all you have to take into consideration the activity level of the workers in the building to decide what temperate is best suited for them to work at their optimum level. In the case of the office workers who are sitting for most of the day at their desks, their activity level is low and they aren’t generating much heat. In the case of the shop, workers are on their feet all day, their activity level is high and they are generating quite a significant amount of heat. Activity Example Heat output Immobile Sleeping 70 W Seated Watching TV 115 W Light Work Office 140 W Medium Work Factory, Dancing 265 W Heavy Work Lifting 440 W Air temperature is another factor affecting thermal comfort. As people in an office space are sitting for most of the day they will rely on the heating system of the office to regulate their body temperature whereas in a shop, people are on the move generating heat so they do not have to rely on the heating system as much. Air Movement will affect the rate at which the body loses heat by convection and evaporation of sweat from the skin. Air movement is both good and bad for example when the temperatures are high in summer, air movement will give relief to a person by cooling

Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal - 1611 Words

When the topic of euthanasia or assisted suicide is spoke about usually it is only whispered, people don’t like to speak about death but are very out spoken when it comes to enjoying your life and being free. There are many reasons why people in society believe that it is morally wrong but who are we to tell a person that is suffering and can take it no more they aren’t allowed to end their own life even though that’s what that person wants? Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide should be made legal in the United States because while it is morally wrong in some people’s eyes, it can help end peoples pain when they decide to do so because people have the right die, it has already been legalized in another states, but most importantly is not our decision as a society to decide that for anyone but ourselves. Though there are many types of euthanasia like in active euthanasia a person directly and deliberately causes the patient s death. In passive euthanasia they don t directly take the patient s life, they just allow them to die. This is a morally unsatisfactory distinction, since even though a person doesn t actively kill the patient, they are aware that the result of their inaction will be the death of the patient. Active euthanasia is when death is brought about by an act like when a person is killed by being given an overdose of pain-killers. Passive euthanasia is when someone lets that person die with knowing the outcome. This can be by withdrawing or withholdingShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1241 Words   |  5 PagesThere has been an ongoing battle whether or not euthanasia or physician assisted suicide should be legal. Whether or not is ethical for a physician to assist in a person s death. Euthanasia or assisted suicide is causing the death of a person who is disease, suffering from a condition that is not curable. To end their suffering the individuals end their lives, but are important to keep in consideration that in order for the individual to make such a big decision they must be in the right state ofRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay1755 Words   |  8 Pagesthat, â€Å"According to research, some 66% of U.S. adults believe that a doctor or nurse should allow a patient to die in certain circumstances† (25 Surprising Physician Assisted Suicide Statistics, 2014). Physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia should not just be a matter of law but as well as free will. In this essay, I am using a virtue approach to contend that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be legal. Is it moral to allow people to end their lives suffering? It helps people, savesRead MoreShould Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal1818 Words   |  8 Pages  Should Euthanasia o r Physician Assisted Suicide be Legal?         One day while interning at the Animal Clinic of Bay Ridge I witnessed something so cruel. This middle-aged shiatsu was dropped off at the animal clinic. Mind you, the owners didn’t even bother to come in the room with the dog. As I played with the dog until he would be â€Å"putdown† I wondered why in the world someone would put such a lovely dog down is unimaginable. Despite being sorry for the dog I feel euthanizing both animals and humanRead MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages The Oxford English Dictionary states that euthanasia is a gentle and easy death (Oxford English Dictionary). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, active euthanasia is the ending of a terminally ill person s life by direct intervention, such as administering a lethal dose of painkilling drug (Oxford English Dictionary). While passive euthanasia according to the Oxford English Dictionary is the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment in the knowledge that the personRead MoreShould Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?825 Words   |  4 PagesLeonard Should Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide be Legalized? Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide should become legal in the United States and all US territories. Though Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide are not the same and are separate acts, they both serve the same purpose, which is to follow the desire of a person with terminal illness to end their life without legal consequences. This same right should extend to family members and guardians of people unable to act for themselves. The current legal situationRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide is NOT Ethical Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesIs physician assisted suicide morally right? This has been a controversial subject for some time now. People are wondering whether or not it is the most humane thing to do. If dogs can be putdown, why not people? The reason is in that question. They are people. Every life is important, no matter how long it may be. Instead of finding a way to get rid of people faster, the government could put those efforts in something more positive. If other people are conside ring whether or not the patients’ lifeRead MoreEthical and Legal Debates on Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the debatable subject of euthanasia and assisted suicide, have been questioned frequently by society. Though the question may never be answered between euthanasia and assisted suicide being right or wrong, the fact of the matter is that people are still choosing their fate. In America, euthanasia refers to a person knowingly, and purposely taking another persons life, or in a more factual meaning killing someone who in fact couldn’t kill himself. Euthanasia also known as â€Å"mercy killing† isRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide983 Words   |  4 Pageshave different perspectives and views on Euthanasia or Physician-assisted suicide and how they should or should not be legal. In some cases people feel as if the patient who are suffering from a terminal painful disease should have the right to commit suicide in other cases people feel as if the patient is being selfish to end their life when you have loved ones that are going to suffer because they killed themselves. People feel it should or should not be legal because of right to die, living willsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is Not Considered Admissible949 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide- the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administ ration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician, and euthanasia, the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable, painful disease are both highly emotional and contentious subjects. Some argue physician assisted suicide (P.A.S.) is admissible for someone who is dying and trying to painlessly break free from the intolerable suffering at the end of their life, and someRead MoreIs Euthanasia A Lethal Injection?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesto death, veterinarians will inform the owner on options of euthanasia or â€Å"putting the pet to sleep.† While the owner officially has to make the decision of putting the pet out of it’s pain or misery with a lethal injection. In the case of humans, rather than animals, whether or not a lethal injection should be given is a highly argued ethical and economical matter. In this paper, peoples’ cultures and how they affect the view of euthanasia, will be discussed along with the cost of medical procedures

Operation Management Strategies Implemented †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Operation Management Strategies Implemented. Answer: Introduction In the late 2012, the company reported its first quarterly loss over the period of five years. The company has invested heavily in new distribution centres, launching daily deals on the site and the development of kindle. The founder Jeff Bezos knew that competition is very tough for the company and there are many other players in the market who are performing well enough. In 1994 after seeing the boom in the internet usage of near about 2300% Jeff Bezos left his highly paid job and started an online book store inside his rented house in Suburban Seattle (Teles and Coutinho, 2011). His online book selling company emerged as the worlds largest online retailer who deals in books, fashion, DVDs, apparels, furniture, electronics and health, and beauty. Amazon deals with four types of customers, which includes sellers, enterprises, final consumers and content creators. Amazon has designed its website consumer friendly by offering various options in size, color, brand, and price. The websi te is very easy to use and has been developed keeping in mind to cater the maximum needs of the consumer at one virtual portal. The Companys mission statement is Earths most customer centric company (Teles and Coutinho, 2011) Amazons Operations strategies Goods and services design- organizational output design is covered in this strategic decision area of operational management. This is done primarily with the help of technologies. For example, the company ensures that its online retail services are in line with the requirements of target customers using the advanced communication and information technologies. It also supports the maximum operation of e-commerce (Teles and Coutinho, 2011). Quality management- the objective of this decision is to maximize the operational output in order to fulfill the customer satisfaction. For example, amazon always motivates its employees to solve the problems and improve the business by creating new ideas (Teles and Coutinho, 2011). Location strategy- the accessibility of market and resources is considered in this strategic decision like their warehouses should be nearest to the location where the maximum customer base is available. Process and capacity design- the objective of this decision is to optimize the capacity and production process. Extensive automation is applied to streamline the business process. For example, the companys main output is to receive the orders so it has automated the technologies to receive as many orders as possible. This approach highlights the importance of automation and other related technologies to enhance the capacity and process (Cassidy and Scott, 2002). Strategy and layout design- this decision area deals with the movement of information, material, and human resource. This objective is fulfilled with the help of efficient layout designs which is aligned with computer assisted programs. For example, in the warehouses, all the items are assigned as per the computerization policies. The layout is made for maximizing the shelf space and minimizing the aisles for achieving the optimal capacity and this is done without reducing the process efficiency. Supply chain management- this strategic decision is concerned with the streamline of supply chain management. Company does this through automating and enabling the buyers and suppliers to access some of its IT assets for example sellers streamline their supply with help of demand data available on the companys online retail website, and buyers can track the order placed and can do all the communication with sellers through the data available on the website. Job design and human resource- HRD is the main focus of this strategic decision area. Companys operation management uses a combination of third party employment agencies and in house employees. For example, workers from all these agencies fill the temporary positions of the company and are also evaluated if they are fir for the permanent position or not? Especially in their warehouses and fulfillment centers. Companys recruitment process is based on the organizational growth. Scheduling- operation managers keep in mind the short term and intermediate schedules to ensure that all the resources satisfy market needs. In this strategic decision area company is fully reliable on suppliers to run its online retail business. For instance, suppliers need to access the companys website in order to determine the demand level and streamline their delivery and shipping schedules accordingly. Inventory management- .under this decision company has to ensure the sufficient storage of inventory to meet the demand, this is done with the help of using just in time technique for example in most of the cases as the inventory comes in the warehouse it immegiatelybgets delivered to the customer to fulfill the order(Emblemsvg, 2006). Moreover, to ensure the optimal inventory holding and order, employees in the warehouse are trained to maximize the speed so that orders can be fulfilled. By this way, company minimizes its cost by satisfying the maximum customers need. Maintenance- it emphasizes on the stability and reliability of the business processes. Workers are trained regularly in order to maintain HR capacity for satisfying the companys need for its e-commerce business. Moreover, companies always search for advanced options for the improvisation of its operational efficiencies (Emblemsvg, 2006). The do-buy decision strategy It is the departure point for creating operations strategy.it helps managers to decide what should be done by organization and what should be done by suppliers (Cassidy and Scott, 2002). Amazon has clearly defined the objectives for its managers that what startegies must be adopted by them in order to increase the sales of the company and suppliers are also aware of the terms and conditions on which they need to work. The company decided to outsource its products through various suppliers in order to cater the maximum market with minimum cost. Amazon has placed itself as a giant in the world of technology by providing the convenience at customers doorstep (Shelar, 2016). Since inception amazon has acquired many strategic gains in research and technology and claims to be worlds most customer centric company by implementing many innovative ideas such as one click order convenience to customers, improvising on customer reviews etc v.it has also acquired new customer base by forging an international relationship with the help of viral marketing. Ways in which amazon excels relationship building. When it comes to big companies most of them fail to acquire customer relationship, but this is not the case with amazon. The company not only builds customer relationship but also provide them with the personalized services by offering them the products basis their past purchasing history (Shelar, 2016). Below are the strategies which make the company standalone amongst its competitors: Data-driven relationship marketing- amazon leverages the idea of web research and big data to all their customer facing interactions. Whenever a customer calls a customer representative they not only great you with your name but they have all the required information available to them in order to make you feel comfortable and confident. The same can be seen in their extremely personalized emails in which they not only refer to you with your name but also gives you the required information without wasting much of your time (Shelar, 2016). The maximum a customer visits their sites and search for products the more personalized emails you get from them. Convenience and experience- customers now days prefer to shop online because of the convenience they get. Amazon provides them with the technologies ease with which they can look for what they want without taking much time and also make them confident by their replacement or return protocols. Operation managers keep in mind the short term and intermediate schedules to ensure that all the resources satisfy market needs. In this strategic decision area company is fully reliable on suppliers to run its online retail business (Shelar, 2016). For instance, suppliers need to access The___14 Companys website in order to determine the demand level and streamline their delivery and shipping schedules accordingly. Customers shopping is made more hassle free by Doing quick purchases with the help of one click. Amazons dash buttons- it is a hardware which can be bought at home and all the purchases can be done just by one click. Amazon prime in which customers can get their orders in a day and if the location is nearby then maybe the same day. Making e- commerce an experience to share- although it has been observed that shopping is a social experience this is not in the case of e-commerce here customers make their purchases alone. But amazon relationship marketing team has built up an option in which whenever a customer makes any purchase then they are being asked to share their experience on social networking sites (Shen, Benyounes and Gerbaud, 2015). This not only works as a tool for advertising but also helps in the improvisation of the product. Cost strategy Amazon is having overall cost leadership among all of its competitors by providing Lowest possible prices Launching amazon prime in which customers can save shipping cost Customers can avoid state tax. Providing various free shipping offers. Dealing with small companies and resellers. Deficit selling of kindle. Price check app launched by amazon (Shen, Benyounes and Gerbaud, 2015). As per many research, it has been observed that amazon changed prices of about 80 million products in a single day because they wanted to provide their customers with the best possible prices in the market (Cie?la, 2015). For example in the mid of year 2012 HP 8600 printer was launched other sites were offering a price of 160$ wherein amazon sold it for 120$ as the market opened many sellers raised prices up to 180$ but amazon raised it only to 130$ and at the end of the day amazon was the cheap priced seller in the market and its sales figures raised drastically (Cie?la, 2015). Supply chain management by Amazon From the beginning of its establishment amazon has focused on its logistics of distribution as a center to the online retail growth. Initially, the company uses to hand deliver its products but now everything is being managed by the supply chain managers and they are now managing around 400 orders per second during peak times and bringing their revenue to around 90bn$ a year (Cie?la, 2015).. All this is done by working at various levels: Pre structural level- amazon is one of the giant of selling books and other stuff online Unit structural level- their supply chain management has an edge over many other competitors because of the shopping experience they offer to their customers. It has a strong network of the supply chain (Cie?la, 2015). Multi structural level- amazon is the first company to launch the rating system under which customers have the options to rate its shopping experience and company can work accordingly. Amazon ships its products on its own (Cie?la, 2015).. Relational level- amazon has such a vast network of the supply chain that its competitors uses companys website to improvise their business. As the company is growing it gradually increasing its ware houses and other networks to meet the demand of the customers they are focusing on setting up the warehouses near the target customer areas so that the response time is decreased (Cie?la, 2015). Company targets to deliver their maximum items the same day they are ordered so that their competitors do not peel off their customers. This strategic decision is concerned with the streamline of supply chain management. Company does this through automating and enabling the buyers and suppliers to access some of its IT assets for example sellers streamline their supply with help of demand data available on the companys online retail website, and buyers can track the order placed and can do all the communication with sellers through the data available on the website (Cie?la, 2015). Supply chain drivers Facilities- Order fulfillment and warehousing for third party sellers. 49 fulfillment centers all over world Transportation Own logistic network Relying on national parcel couriers like fedX, ups. Smart innovation strategy The main reason behind the success story of amazon so far is their innovation strategy, the company started with the selling of DVD and CD along with the books. In the same year company introduced auction scheme this strategy provided a better experience for the customer and protected them from the frauds done by bidders though this innovation does not bring any profit to the customer by doing this, they came into customers knowledge (Tadelis, 2002). Amazon adopted B2C model but later it again changed its strategy and shifted from direct business sales model to service and sales model, with this model companys target group changed to customers and another business group.it offers many small business groups to use companys web services and platforms to offer various products to the customers, but amazon was charging some percentage of commission from every sale (Tadelis, 2002). With this service, amazon created an eco-system in the market and launched amazon associate program under wh ich it developed a partnership with customers and business associates. The primary goal of this program was to increase the customer base. Gradually with the addition to more and more products in the portfolio, the customer increased and it again changed its business model (Ritter and Andersen, 2014).There was a time when companys stock price were on high and this is not any flake, company has actually performed well during this time by mixing their innovation strategies. The company has worked on its core objectives. Institutional advantage- companies are well aware of what they need to do and what they are doing, service and product features with weaknesses and strength is well understood, what customers want and how it will be provided is also understood (Ritter and Andersen, 2014) Personal advantage- expertising in the current position is what every organization dream of. How you deal with the current scenario by taking new initiatives is how you are judged in todays world (Ritter and Andersen, 2014). Moving out of this familiarity is not easy and this is where the growth of the company is found.so it needs a lot of efforts moving outside of the world exploring new opportunities and work accordingly by taking new initiatives (Chua, 2011). Many organizations are not willing to do such things and this is where they are lacking behind. Amazon innovations by type If any company thinks that sustaining innovation doesnt work then amazon is the best example for them. Collaborative filtering option is the one wherein a customers search a product and some suggested products are displayed for example whenever a customer search any product then some other products also comes under tagline people who brought that also brought this (Chua, 2011). At some point in the history, this search engine was alone contributing 35% of revenue growth. Single click checkout- it is the innovation which was brought in by amazon. With a single click, a customer can complete its order and this is the significant improvement in the field of online retail stores (Chua, 2011). Drone delivery- it is a futuristic idea, delivering orders within 30 minutes and do not have face any hassle of traffic if this idea works then the company will for sure be the best among all(Spector, 2006). Prime- it is a way in which customer pay shipping for all orders at once, earlier they had to pay to ship for every single order but with prime company charge for one time and customers are free from paying to ship. It means expansion of new customers vs. new products and services but here the familiarity measure is less but meaningful. Kindle- it is amazons reading tablet, customers who are having kindle can easily access e books and download annotate passeges.kindle is contributing to 10% revenue of total sales. Affiliate marketing- it is now a very normal practice but amazon was the company who innovated this idea, though with this company was able to acquire new customers with existing offers (Jovi?evi? and Ivanovi?, 2014). Amazon fresh- it is a service of home delivery for groceries wherein all the perishable groceries are delivered to customers and along with new offers are also introduced. Amazons growth is increasing because the company is investing in transformative innovations along with its core objectives. The risk factor is much here because the company is moving beyond the familiarity and deals with its new competitors. The company offers cloud computing services to other companies with the help of amazon web services (Rossman, 2017). Amazon sets an example for other companies on how to deal with innovation portfolios. As per research it has been found that sustaining innovation is the key factor for growth and it is not easy for companies to do but amazon is the company among them who are doing this for ages and will continue to do so and this is the reason why they are growing their numbers and becoming a giant in the world of online retail (Jovi?evi? and Ivanovi?, 2014). Amazon always believes in taking risks and keeps on revising its portfolios according to the market requirements for example companys web service was a success but its fire phone was a failure, the company learned from this and completely changed its product portfolio. What matters is the right mix and it will vary as per the companys core objectives. The key to understanding all this is that why you are investing in innovations (Rossman, 2017) Conclusion Amazon is one of the best company among online retailers, it has planned various strategies in order to increase its sales, initially the company was only dealing with the books and opened many retails book shops and gradually they started offering many products like fashion, accessories, electronics. Amazon deals with four types of customers which includes sellers, enterprises, final consumers and content creators, so the company decided that Instead of delivering the products on its own company chose to outsource the products. Many sellers are connected with the company who are responsible for timely delivery of the products, warehouses have been opened at those places where the company have maximum customer coverage so that products can be delivered within the same day or maximum by next day. Companys supply chain network is very strong as soon the order is received it is ensured that it reaches on time and safely. All these strategies are helping company to build strong customer relation and are able to compete with its competitors. Company has formed a strong relationship marketing team who has built up an option in which whenever a customer makes any purchase then they are being asked to share their experience on social networking site.. This not only works as a tool for advertising but also helps in the improvisation of the product with the help of feedbacks they get from customers. Amazon as a company has faced many challenges and successfully dealt with them and finally managed to emerged as an online retail business giant. References Bernstein, D. (2015). Is Amazon Becoming the New Cool Software Company for Developers?.IEEE Cloud Computing, 2(1), pp.69-71. Bonomo, J. and Pasternak, A. (2005). 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